What should be used to treat chemical burns from anhydrous ammonia?

The correct choice for treating chemical burns from anhydrous ammonia is water. Water is essential in this context because it is effective in diluting and flushing away the chemical, thereby reducing the severity of the burn. Anhydrous ammonia is a caustic substance that can cause severe burns upon contact with the skin or eyes, and using water can help to alleviate the irritation and potential damage.

When responding to a chemical burn, it is crucial to irrigate the affected area immediately with copious amounts of water to help minimize the injury and provide cooling relief. Unlike other options, water is neutral and does not pose additional risks of worsening the burn, which is why it is the preferred choice for initial treatment. It helps remove the ammonia and minimizes its contact with the skin, facilitating faster and more effective recovery.

In contrast, the other options would not be advisable for this type of burn. Alcohol and vinegar can aggravate the chemical burn or create adverse reactions with the ammonia. Soap and water, while potentially useful in other contexts, may not be sufficient alone for an alkali burn like that caused by anhydrous ammonia. Thus, using plain water is the safest and most effective immediate response in this scenario.